DAFTAR PUSTAKA. Dewasa dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), Jakarta; [internet] [cited 14

66

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World Health Organization. 2003. [cited 23 Januari 2013] Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/ hq/2003/WHO_NMH_NPH_PAH_03.2.pdf 27. Geneva, Switzerland: The WHO Document Production Services.CDC.gov [internet]. USA Government. [updated: 13 September November

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analysis

(BIA)

methods

for

evaluation

of

abdominal fat distribution. Nihon Rinsho. 2013 ; 71(2): 262-5. 36. Fernandes RA, Rosa CS, Buonani C, Oliveira AR, Freitas Júnior IF. The use of bioelectrical impedance to detect excess visceral and subcutaneous fat. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007 83(6):529-34. 37. Ryo M, Maeda K, Onda T, Katashima M, Okumiya A, Nishida M, et al. A New Simple Method for the Measurement of Visceral Fat Accumulation by Bioelectrical Impedance. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28(2): 451-2. 38. Rômulo AF, Clara S.C, Camila B, Arli R, Ismael F. The use of bioelectrical impedance to detect excess visceral and subcutaneous fat. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(6):529-534

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47. Chiolero Et Al, F. D., Paccaud F, Cornuz J. Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance. American Journal Clinical Nutrition. 2008; 87: 801-809. 48. Mustelin L, Silventoinen K, Pietiläinen K, Rissanen A, and Kaprio J. Physical activity reduces the influence of genetic effects on BMI and waist circumference: a study in young adult twins. Int J Obes. 2009; 33: 29-36. 49. Williams PT, Satariano WA. Relationships of age and weekly running distance to BMI and circumferences in 41 582 physically active women. Obesity. 2005; 13: 1370-80. 50. Kyrou I ,Tsigos C. Hormon

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metabolisme. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2009; 9: 787 - 93. 51. J.

Marniemi,

E.

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Aunola, T.

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Mattlar,M.

Koskenvuo, Et Al. Visceral fat and psychosocial stress in identical twins discordant for obesity. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2002; 251(1): 35–43.

52. Wei Ping JIA, Jun-Xi, Kun-San Xiang, Hui-Juan LU, Lei Chen. Prediction of Abdominal Visceral Obesity From Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Waist-hip Ratio in Chinese Adults: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves Analysis. Biomedical Land Environmental Sciences. 2003; 16: 206211. 53. Singgih Santosa. Statistik Multivariat. Jakarta: PT Gramedia; 2010. p. 58. 54. Muhammad Zen Rahfiludin, Praba Ginandjar. Tidak ada perbedaan respon imun perokok berat dan perokok ringan karena asupan mikronutrien. J Gizi Indonesia. 2013 ; (2) 12-14.

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JA, Reynolds JC, et al. Sex differences in visceral adipose tissue volume among African Americans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002; 76(5 ): 975-9. 58. Altan Onat, Erkan Ayhan, Gülay Hergenç, Günay Can, M. Metin Barlan, Smoking inhibits visceral fat accumulation in Turkish women: Relation of visceral fat and body fat mass to atherogenic dyslipidemia, inflammatory markers, insulin resistance, and blood pressure. Metabolism. 2009; 58: 963– 970. 59. Sarah M. Camhi1, George A. Bray1, Claude Bouchard1, Frank L. Greenway1, William D. Johnson1, et al. The Relationship of Waist Circumference and BMI to Visceral, Subcutaneous, and Total Body Fat: Sex and Race Differences, Obesity (2011) 19, 402–408. 60. Steven E. Riechman, Robert E. Schoen, Joel L. Weissfeld, F. Leland Thaete and, Andrea M. Kriska. Association of Physical Activity and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Older Women and Men. Obesity Research. 2002;10(10):1065–1073

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LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1

75

76

Lampiran 2

76

77

Lampiran 3

PERNYATAAN KESEDIAAN MENJADI SUBJEK PENELITIAN (INFORMED CONSENT) Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya : Nama

:

Umur/TTL

:

Alamat

:

No. Handphone

:

Bersedia dan mau berpartisipasi menjadi subjek penelitian yang berjudul “Hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Nilai Lemak Viseral (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Undip )” yang dilakukan oleh: Nama

:Adhitya Pradana

Instansi

:Program Studi Fakultas Diponegoro Semarang

Kedokteran

Universitas

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sesungguhnya tanpa ada paksaan dari siapapun.

Mengetahui

Semarang,

Peneliti

2014

Subjek penelitian

(Adhitya Pradana)

(

77

)

78

Lampiran 4

Penjelasan mengenai penelitian dengan judul: HUBUNGAN ANTARA INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) DENGAN NILAI LEMAK VISERAL (Studi kasus pada mahasiswa kedokteran Undip)

Saya (Adhitya Pradana) sedang melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Hubungan Antara Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Nilai Lemak Viseral (Studi kasus pada mahasiswa kedokteran Undip)”, maka saya sebagai peneliti memohon kesediaan Saudara/Saudari untuk menjadi subjek penelitian dalam kegiatan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari dan menganalisis hubungan antara IMT dengan nilai lemak viseral pada mahasiswa kedokteran Undip. Metode penelitian Apabila Saudara/Saudari setuju berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini, saya akan melakukan beberapa pengukuran diantaranya : 1. Pengisisan data subjek penelitian. 2. Pengukuran lemak viseral menggunakan Tanita BC-601 yang berbasis metode bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). 3. Indeks massa tubuh (IMT) melalui pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan. 4. Pengisian kuesioner meliputi kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan konsumsi alkolhol, kebiasaan konsumsi makanan berlemak dan aktifitas fisik(olahraga). 5. Waktu pemerikssaan kurang lebih 15 menit.

Manfaat yang akan diperoleh adalah dapat mengetahui hubungan antara IMT dengan nilai lemak viseral, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai informasi mengenai IMT sebagai indikator untuk prediktor lemak viseral, serta sebagai landasan untuk penelitian selanjutnya mengenai lemak viseral. Tidak ada efek samping dan risiko yang merugikan pada pemeriksaan penelitian ini.

78

79

Semua keterangan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini akan diperlakukan secara rahasia. Saudara berhak menolak ikut serta dalam penelitian ini dan berhak mengundurkan diri selama penelitian berlangsung. Selama penelitian Saudara tidak dibebani biaya apapun, tetapi harus mengisi surat persetujuan mengikuti penelitian.

Peneliti,

(Adhitya Pradana)

79

80

Lampiran 5 KUESIONER HUBUNGAN ANTARA INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) DENGAN NILAI LEMAK VISERAL ( Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Undip ) Identitas subjek penelitian 1. Nama

:

2. Jenis kelamin

:

3. Umur

:

Data pengukuran Antropometri 1. Tinggi badan

:

2. Berat badan

:

3. IMT

:

4. Nilai lemak viseral

:

Data kelengkapan 1. Apakah anda perokok?

Ya / Tidak

2. Berapa batang rokok sehari yang dihabiskan?

Sebutkan: ...............

3. Apakah rutin melakukan aktivitas seperti olahraga? Ya / Kadang / Tidak 4. Berapa sering olahraga perminggu? 5. Berapa menit setiap kali melakukan olahraga?

Kuesioner Kebiasaan konsumsi alkohol >1 x sehari

1x sehari

Berapa Kali Konsumsi Per 4-6 x / 3x/ 1-2 x / minggu minggu minggu

Alkohol

80

< 1x / minggu

Tidak pernah

81

Kuesioner Frekuensi Makan Makanan berlemak

>1 x sehari

1x sehari

Berapa Kali Konsumsi Per 4-6 x / 3x/ 1-2 x / minggu minggu minggu

Jeroan (usus, babat, paru) Daging ayam dengan kulit Telur ayam Susu full cream Keju Alpukat Minyak goreng Minyak ikan Santan Minyak sayur Mentega/ margarin Daging kerbau/ sapi Daging kambing Telur bebek Daging bebek Lain-lain .................

81

< 1x / minggu

Tidak pernah

82

Lampiran 6 BUKU PETUNJUK INNER SCAN TANITA BC-601 MONITOR LEMAK TUBUH / TIMBANGAN a. Pemrograman Umum Alat akan menuntun anda dalam pengaturan. Tampilan akan menunjukkan menu-menu utama dan alat akan berbunyi tiap kali langkah-langkah telah dilaksanakan. Gunakan tombol naik atau turun (Up/down) untuk memilih nomor data pribadi. Gunakan tombol set untuk menyimpan data. b. Pilih nomor data pribadi Nomor data pribadi menyimpan data-data pribadi dan gunakan tombol naik atau turun (up/down) untuk memilih umur. Tekan set. c. Pilih Pria atau Wanita (Male atau Female) Pria dan Wanita. Standar atau atlet dewasa (baca definisinya dalam buku manual) d. Gunakan tombol naik atau turun (up/down) untuk menentukan tinggi badan. Tekan set. e. Alat akan berbunyi dua kali dan layar akan menampilkan data tiga kali untuk konfirmasi pemrograman. Power kemudian akan mati secara otomatis. f. Lakukan pengukuran Setelah memprogram data pribadi, anda melakukan pengukuran. Tekan tombol tanda panah “Up” untuk mengaktifkan alat. Tekan tombol tanda panah “Up”/Down untuk memilih nomor data pribadi. Tekan tombol set. Alat akan menyala dan naiklah ke atas pijakan. g. Berat tubuh akan muncul dahulu .Teruskan berdiri di atas timbangan . Hasil pengukuran akan ditampilkan secara bergantian sebanyak 3 kali. h. Pahami hasil pengukuran Monitor lemak tubuh anada secara otomatis membandingkan hasil pengukuran lemak tubuh dengan batas lemak tubuh sehat. Peringatan Jangan gunakan fitur pengukuran kadar lemak tubuh alat ini jika anda sedang menggunakan alat pemacu jantung atau alat elektronik yang dicangkok ke dalam tubuh

82

83

Lampiran 7  Hasil crosstabulasi

Indeks Massa Tubuh * Nilai Lemak Viseral Crosstab Nilai Lemak Viseral Berlebih Indeks Massa Tubuh

Overweight

Count

Normal

25

2,5

22,5

25,0

75,0%

26,4%

31,3%

2

53

55

5,5

49,5

55,0

25,0%

73,6%

68,8%

8

72

80

8,0

72,0

80,0

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%

Expected Count

Total

Count Expected Count % within Nilai Lemak Viseral

Berlebih 19

Count % within Nilai Lemak Viseral

Sehat 6

Expected Count % within Nilai Lemak Viseral

Total

Chi-Square Tests

Pearson Chi-Square

1

Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) ,005

5,818

1

,016

7,276

1

,007

Value 7,919(b)

Continuity Correction(a) Likelihood Ratio

df

Exact Sig. (2-sided)

Fisher's Exact Test


,010

Linear-by-Linear Association

7,820

N of Valid Cases

80

1

,010

,005

a Computed only for a 2x2 table b 1 cells (25,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2,50. Symmetric Measures

Ordinal by Ordinal Interval by Interval

Value ,787

Asymp. Std. Error(a) ,164

Approx. T(b) 2,239

Approx. Sig. ,025

Spearman Correlation

,315

,114

2,927

,004(c)

Pearson's R

,315

,114

2,927

,004(c)

Gamma

N of Valid Cases

80 a Not assuming the null hypothesis. b Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c Based on normal approximation.

83

84

Jenis kelamin * Nilai Lemak Viseral Crosstab Nilai Lemak Viseral Berlebih Jenis kelamin

Laki-laki

Count

Perempuan

39

45

40,5

45,0

75,0%

54,2%

56,3%

2

33

35

3,5

31,5

35,0

25,0%

45,8%

43,8%

Expected Count

Total

Count

8

72

80

8,0

72,0

80,0

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%


Berlebih

6


Sehat

4,5


Total

Chi-Square Tests

Value Pearson Chi-Square

Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

df

1,270(b)

1

,260

,564

1

,453

1,340

1

,247



Fisher's Exact Test


,455


1,254

N of Valid Cases

80

1

,229

,263



Value ,435


Approx. T(b) 1,188

Approx. Sig. ,235


,126

,101

1,122

,265(c)

Pearson's R

,126

,101

1,122

,265(c)

Gamma

N of Valid Cases


84

85

Kebiasaan merokok * Nilai Lemak Viseral Crosstab Nilai Lemak Viseral Berlebih Kebiasaan merokok

Merokok

Berlebih

2

3

5

Expected Count

,5

4,5

5,0

25,0%

4,2%

6,3%

Count

6

69

75

7,5

67,5

75,0

75,0%

95,8%

93,8%

Expected Count % within Nilai Lemak Viseral Total

Sehat


Tidak Merokok

Total

Count

8

72

80

8,0

72,0

80,0

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%


Chi-Square Tests



df

5,333(b)

1

,021

2,370

1

,124

3,468

1

,063



Fisher's Exact Test


,076


5,267

N of Valid Cases

80

1

,076

,022

a Computed only for a 2x2 table b 2 cells (50,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is ,50. Symmetric Measures


Value ,769


Approx. T(b) 1,248

Approx. Sig. ,212


,258

,177

2,360

,021(c)

Pearson's R

,258

,177

2,360

,021(c)

Gamma

N of Valid Cases


85

86

Kebiasaan konsumsi makanan berlemak * Nilai Lemak Viseral Crosstab Nilai Lemak Viseral Berlebih Kebiasaan konsumsi makanan berlemak

Sering dikonsumsi


Jarang dikonsumsi

Sehat

Berlebih

7

70

77

7,7

69,3

77,0

87,5%

97,2%

96,3%

Count

1

2

3

Expected Count

,3

2,7

3,0

12,5%

2,8%

3,8%

% within Nilai Lemak Viseral Total

Total


8

72

80

8,0

72,0

80,0

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%

Chi-Square Tests



df

1,886(b)

1

,170

,154

1

,695

1,280

1

,258



Fisher's Exact Test


,274


1,862

N of Valid Cases

80

1

,274

,172

a Computed only for a 2x2 table b 2 cells (50,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is ,30. Symmetric Measures Asymp. Std. Error(a)

Value Ordinal by Ordinal Interval by Interval

Approx. T(b)

Approx. Sig.

Gamma

-,667

,358

-,797

,426


-,154

,175

-1,372

,174(c)

Pearson's R

-,154

,175

-1,372

,174(c)

N of Valid Cases

80

a Not assuming the null hypothesis. b Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c Based on normal approximation.

86

87

Aktifitas fisik * Nilai Lemak Viseral Crosstab Nilai Lemak Viseral Berlebih Aktifitas fisik

Kurang

Count

Cukup

48

52

46,8

52,0

50,0%

66,7%

65,0%

4

24

28

2,8

25,2

28,0

50,0%

33,3%

35,0%

Expected Count

Total

Count

8

72

80

8,0

72,0

80,0

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%


Berlebih

4


Sehat

5,2


Total

Chi-Square Tests



df

,879(b)

1

,348

,299

1

,584

,843

1

,359



Fisher's Exact Test


,441


,868

N of Valid Cases

80

1

,286

,351



Value -,333


Approx. T(b) -,869

Approx. Sig. ,385


-,105

,117

-,931

,355(c)

Pearson's R

-,105

,117

-,931

,355(c)

Gamma

N of Valid Cases


87

88

 Diskriptif nilai lemak viseral menurut jenis kelamin Descriptives

Nilai lemak viseral

JK Laki-laki

Statistic 5,78

Mean Median

5,00

Variance

20,586

Std. Deviation

Perempuan

Std. Error ,676

4,537

Minimum

1

Maximum

18

Range

17

Mean

3,40

Median

3,00

Variance

9,424

Std. Deviation

3,070

Minimum

1

Maximum

13

Range

12

,519

 Uji normalitas pada nilai lemak viseral menurut jenis kelamin

Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) JK Laki-laki

Statistic

Perempuan

df

Shapiro-Wilk

Sig.

Statistic

df

Sig.

,165

45

,004

,889

45

,000

,238

35

,000

,750

35

,000

a Lilliefors Significance Correction Test of Homogeneity of Variance Levene Statistic Nilai lemak viseral

df1

df2

Sig.

Based on Mean

6,387

1

78

,014

Based on Median

5,959

1

78

,017

Based on Median and with adjusted df

5,959

1

74,323

,017

Based on trimmed mean

6,846

1

78

,011

88

89

 Perbedaan Nilai lemak viseral

Uji Mann-Whitney Test Ranks

Nilai lemak viseral

JK Laki-laki

N

Mean Rank

Sum of Ranks

45

45,84

2063,00

Perempuan

35

33,63

1177,00

Total

80

Test Statistics(a) Nilai lemak viseral 547,000

Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W

1177,000

Z

-2,379

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)

,017

a Grouping Variable: JK

Frequencies Statistics

N

Valid Missing

Mean Median

Nilai lemak viseral 80

Indeks massa tubuh 80

BR 80

0

0

0

4,74

22,3737

,55

4,00

21,6000

,00

4,115

4,38815

2,894

Minimum

1

16,20

0

Maximum

18

40,60

22

Std. Deviation

89

90

 Uji Multivariat

Logistic Regression Categorical Variables Codings

Kebiasaan merokok

Frequency

Parameter coding

(1)

(1)

Merokok Tidak Merokok

Indeks Massa Tubuh

Overweight Normal

5

1,000

75

,000

25

1,000

55

,000

Classification Table(a,b) Observed

Predicted Percentage Correct

Nilai Lemak Viseral Berlebih Step 0

Nilai Lemak Viseral

Sehat

Berlebih

Berlebih

0

8

,0

Sehat

0

72

100,0

Overall Percentage

90,0

a Constant is included in the model. b The cut value is ,500

Variables in the Equation

Step 0

B 2,197

Constant

S.E. ,373

Wald 34,760

df 1

Sig. ,000

1

Sig. ,005

Variables not in the Equation

Step 0

Variables

IMT(1)

Score 7,919

KM(1)

5,333

1

,021

12,649

2

,002

Overall Statistics

Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients Chi-square Step 1

df

Sig.

Step

10,665

2

,005

Block

10,665

2

,005

Model

10,665

2

,005

90

df

Exp(B) 9,000

91

Model Summary -2 Log likelihood

Step 1

Cox & Snell R Square

Nagelkerke R Square

41,348(a) ,125 ,261 a Estimation terminated at iteration number 6 because parameter estimates changed by less than ,001.

Hosmer and Lemeshow Test Step 1

Chi-square ,157

Df

Sig. ,692

1

Contingency Table for Hosmer and Lemeshow Test Nilai Lemak Viseral = Berlebih Observed Step 1

Nilai Lemak Viseral = Sehat

Expected

Observed

Expected

Total Observed

1

2

2,000

3

3,000

5

2

5

4,606

18

18,394

23

3

1

1,394

51

50,606

52

Classification Table(a) Observed

Predicted Percentage Correct

Nilai Lemak Viseral Berlebih Step 1

Nilai Lemak Viseral

Sehat

Berlebih

Berlebih

1

7

12,5

Sehat

1

71

98,6

Overall Percentage

90,0

a The cut value is ,500

Variables in the Equation B Step 1(a)

S.E.

IMT(1)

-2,207

,906

KM(1)

-2,218 3,592

Constant

Wald

df

Sig.

Exp(B)

5,928

1

,015

1,166

3,617

1

,057

,109

,798

20,244

1

,000

36,301

a Variable(s) entered on step 1: IMT, KM.

91

,110

92

Lampiran 8

Pelaksanaan penelitian

Tanita BC-601

92

93

Lampiran 9

Biodata Mahasiswa Nama

: Adhitya Pradana

NIM

: 22010110120064

Tempat/tanggal lahir : Cilacap / 4 Juli 1992 Jenis kelamin

: Laki-laki

Alamat

: Jl. H Agus Salim 18 Yogyakarta

Nomor Telepon

:-

Nomor HP

: 081392142470

e-mail

: [email protected]

Riwayat Pendidikan Formal 1. SD

: SD N NGABEAN I Yogyakarta

2. SMP

: SMP N 8 Yogyakarta

3. SMA

: SMA N 1 Yogyakarta

4. FK UNDIP

: Masuk tahun 2010

93

DAFTAR PUSTAKA. Dewasa dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), Jakarta; [internet] [cited 14

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