CHALLENGE OF BIOFUEL AS TRANSPORTATION FUEL IN INDONESIA
Zarrah Duniani
Mas Putra Agung
Research & Development
Technology Process Services
Processing Directorate
Processing Directorate
[email protected]
Asian Petroleum Technology Symposium Vietnam, February 18-20, 2009
OUTLINE ∆
GOVERNMENT ENERGY POLICY
∆
BACKROUND OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRAM
∆
PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRESS
∆
CONCLUSION
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY ON DEVELOPING BIOFUEL
TARGET: ENERGY ENERGY MIX MIX 2025 2025 TARGET: RegNo. No.30/2007 30/2007 Reg On: On: Energy: Energy: Diversification - -Diversification Conservation - -Conservation
(The Presidential Decree No. 5/2006) Fuel, 20% Gas, 30% RE,17%
Coal , 33%
ThePresidential PresidentialDecree DecreeNo. No.10/2006 10/2006 The onforming formingThe TheNational NationalTeam Teamfor for on BiofuelDevelopment Development Biofuel toincrease increasethe thedomestic domesticincome income to
BF 5% Geothermal, 5% Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro, Solar Energy, wind, 5% Coal Liquefaction, 2%
ThePresidential PresidentialInstruction InstructionNo. No.1/1/2006 2006on on The preparingand andusing usingof ofBiofuel Biofuel preparing asalternative alternativefuel fuel as TheMinisterial Ministerialof ofESDM ESDMRegulation Regulation The No.32/2008 32/2008 No. onpreparing, preparing,using usingand andmanaging managingthe themarket market on of biofuel biofuelas asan analternative alternativefuel fuel of
•BLUEPRINT/ •BLUEPRINT/ ROADMAP ROADMAP
•RECOMMENDA •RECOMMENDA TION TION
•EVALUATION •EVALUATION
IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION 3
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5 YEAR 2006 NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ENERGI MIX GOAL 2025 Hydro Power, 3.11%
National (Primary) Energy Mix
Geothermal, 1.32% Natural Gas, 28.57%
Oil 51.66% Coal, 15.34%
National (Primary) Energy Mix of 2025 (BaU Scenario)
Energy Mix Year 2025 National Energy Mix 2025 (Perpres No. 5/2006) (Presidential Decree Scenario)
Power Plant, 1.9% Mini/micro Hydro Power Plant, 0.1% Geothermal, 1.1%
Oil, 20%
Gas, 20.6%
Gas, 30% RE,17%
OPTIMIZING ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Oil, 41.7%
Coal 34.6%
4
Biofuel, 5% Geothermal, 5% Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro Solar Energy, Wind Power, 5%
Coal , 33%
Coal Liquefaction 2%
ENERGY RESOURCES (January 2006) TYPE OF FOSSIL ENERGY
RESOURCES
RESERVES
PRODUCTION
R/P (YEARS)
Oil
86.9 billion bbl
9.1
387 million bbl
23
Gas
384.7 TSCF
185.8
2.95 TSCF
62
Coal
57.8 billion Ton
19,3
132 Million Ton
146
RESOURCES
EQUIVALEN T
UTILIZATION
INSTALLED CAPACITY
Hydro
845 Million BOE
75,670 MW
6,851,000 MWh
4,200 MW
Geothermal
219 Million BOE
27,000 MW
2,593,500 MWh
807 MW
458.75 MW
458.75 MW
54 MW
Biomass
49,810 MW
302.4 MW
Solar
4.8 kWh/m2/day 9,287 MW
5 MW
NON FOSSIL ENERGY
Mini/Micro hydro
Wind Uranium
24.112 Tons*
*) only in Kalan region, West Kalimantan
3 GW
0.5 MW
ENERGY DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAM Types of fuel • Gas ¾LPG ¾BBG • Coal ¾Coal ¾Briquet ¾Coal gasification ¾Coal liquefaction • Biofuel
Household
Transportation
Industry
Power Plant
√ √
√ √
√ √
–
√ √ √ –
– –
√ –
√
√ √ √
√
√
√
√
√
¾Bio-ethanol
–
√
–
–
¾Bio-diesel
√
√
√
√
¾Bio-oil
√
–
√
√
√
–
–
√
√ – –
–
–
√
– –
√ –
√ –
– – –
√ √ √
–
√
√
√
√ √
¾Hidrogen / Fuel Cell
–
√
–
√
¾Oil Shale
– √
√ –
√
¾Biogenic Gas
√ –
• Geothermal • Other Renewable Energy ¾Biomass ¾Nuclearr ¾Water ¾Solar cell ¾Wind ¾CBM
√
BIOFUEL COMMODITIES
9Palm 9Jatropha Curcas 9Sugarcane 9Cassava
LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR PALM (3 million hectares)
LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR JATROPHA CURCAS (million hectares)
LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR SUGARCANE (0.5 million hectares)
POTENTIAL LAND FOR CASSAVA PLANTATION (million hectares)
Potential land : < 75 ha : 75 – 200 ha : 201 – 400 ha : 401 – 1.800 ha
PERTAMINA POLICY BACKGROUND IN PRODUCE CLEAN PRODUCT Support government Regulation: Ratified Kyoto, Montreal
Environment : Earth Climate :Ozone Depletion Global Warming/atmospheric pollution
Overcome energy and resource shortage Reduction in oil import, subsidy Improvement Efficiency Non-Fossil/alternative Fuel
Value added: Employee, Customer, Stakeholder, Public
Energy Security
Continuous development / improvement and production : -Fuel Business Atm. Pollution Reduction :Cleaner & Quality Fuels -Non Fuel Business Envi. (Non-ODS, Non-GWP) products
PERTAMINA’S IN DEVELOPING CLEAN ENERGY FOR TRANSPORTATON FUELS HAD BEEN A LONG JOURNEY & COMMITTED TO CONTINUE DOWN THE ROAD
Euro-2 Gasoline, Diesel* 2
CNG : BBG
2001
2002
Biofuel: BioPertamax
TEL content
1
In 2002, UL gasolines supply are extended for Depok, Bali, Batam and Cirebon.
1990
Biofuel: BioPremium, BioSolar
Solar-48
0
2004
Jun-06
Gradually from 2004 till June 2006, the TEL content in Premium-88 was reduced from 1.8 to 0.3 cc/USG. 2003
2004
Unleaded Gasolines : UL Premium-88, UL Premix-92 (later changed as Pertamax-92), UL Super TT-98 (later changed as Pertamax Plus-95) are supplied from Balongan Refinery since 2001 for Jakarta & surrounding cities.
2005
PERTAMINA stopped producing leaded Gasoline
2006
2007
In Aug 2005, a 52 MBSD Balongan Blue Sky Project was commissioned, and imported HOMC volume is significantly reduced. This project was proposed to the Government since February 1996. 1996
2008
Euro-4 Gasoline
2012
LPG : V-Gas
*Note : Perta-Dex
BACKGROUND OF PERTAMINA’S BIOFUEL PROGRAM • Presidential Instruction No.1/2006 to 13 central and regional government institutions on supply and utilization of biofuels as alternative energy (January 2006) • Presidential Regulation No.5/2006 on National Energy Policy, calling for 5% biofuels in the energy mix by 2025 (January 2006) • Presidential Decree No.10/2006, established by the National Team for Biofuels Development to coordinate industry expansion (July 2006) • SK Dirjen Migas 3675K/DM/2006 re. Specification & 3674K/DM/2006 • SNI (Indonesian Standard) • PERTAMINA‘s Commitment to provide green fuel and energy diversification by utilizing renewable biofue • Min ESDM regulation No 32/2008,a mandatory to blend 5% biofuels in fuels if Fame and etanol available
LAUNCHING OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS 1. BIO SOLAR (B5) The Minister of ESDM and The BOD of Pertamina launched the mass selling of Bio Solar for industry in Jakarta on May 20, 2006 and followed it in Surabaya and Denpasar on November 11, 2008. Launching of Bio Solar in Jakarta on May 20, 2006 by HE The Minister of ESDM, Mr. Purnomo Yusgiantoro
2. BIO PERTAMAX (E5) It launched to the market place in Jakarta on December 11, 2006,and Surabaya and Malang and Denpasar. Launching of Bio Pertamax, in Jakarta December 11, 2006
3. BIO PREMIUM (E5) It launched in Malang on August 13, 2006 and then in Jakarta for 13 stations.
Launching of Bio Pertamax and Bio Solar in Denpasar on November 13, 2007
BY : NPD
15
PERTAMINA BIOFUELS yBIOPREMIUM
BIOSOLAR : - FAME blended solar/diesel oils (5% FAME) Properties according to Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Degree N0.3675K/24/DJM/2006, March 17, 2006 BIODIESEL / Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or mono-alkyl esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats and other biomass-derived oils that shall be technically proven and approved for use in diesel engines, with quality specifications in accordance with the SNI( Indonesia National Standards ) Most of biodiesel in Indonesia derived from Palm oil.¥ Other feedstock are Coconut oil and Jatropa
yBIOPREMIUM BIO PERTAMAX : Etanol unhydrous denaturated (99.5%purity) blended Pertamax (3- 5% Etanol)
Properties according to Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Degree N0.3674K/24/DJM/2006, March 17, 2006 Most of Bioetanol in Indonesia derived from sugarcane Molasse & cassava =
Tetes Tebu
BIOPREMIUM : Etanol unhydrous denaturated (99.5%purity) blended Premium (3- 5% Etanol)
Prosentase Prosentase Biofuel Biofuel blended blended
launced launced
Bio Solar
Bio Premium
Bio Pertamax
20 Mei 2006 B-5 13 Des 2006 E-5 18 Agustus 2006 E-5
Penurunan Penurunan kadar kadar Juni 2007
B-2.5
11 11 April April 2008 2008
B-1 Malang
E-3
E-3
E-5 Jakarta E-2 E-5
11 Nov Nov 2008 2008
B-5 Malang E-5 Jakarta E-2 E-5
By 11 November 2008, injeksi FAMEinjection become 5% For transportation & industries sectors,if FAME & Ethanol avable. BY : NPD
BIOFUELS DISTRIBUTION & MARKETING SYSTEM BLENDING BIOFUEL & FOSSIL FUEL
BIOFUEL Producer
MOBIL FAME / ETHANOL
IMPOR
INSTALATION / TERMINAL PERTAMINA
FAME FAME Producer Producer
TANKER FAME
Ethanol Ethanol Producer DALAM Producer NEGERI
PENYEDIAAN BY : NPD
Inline Blending Bio Fuel
MOBIL BIO SOLAR/ BIO PREMIUM/ BIO PERTAMAX
CONSUMEN/END USER
INDUSTRIES
TANKER BIO SOLAR STATIONS
WHERE ARE NOW ? PERTAMINA BIOFUEL PROGRESS
Denpasar Bio Solar : 11 stations Volume ± 2.100 KL/M
Jakarta November 1, 2008 4 big industries
Bio Pertamax : 14 stations Volume ± 200 KL/M
Volume ± 173 KL
Jakarta Bio Solar : 381 stations Volume ± 76.900 KL/M
Total : Bio Solar : 411 stations Vol : ± 80.600 KL/M
Bio Pertamax : 22 stations Volume ± 1.100 KL / M Bio Premium : 13 stations Volume ± 9.100 KL / M
Surabaya Bio Solar : 19 stations Volume ± 1.600 KL / M Bio Pertamax : 7 stations Volume ± 296 KL / M BY : NPD
Malang Bio Premium : 1 stations Volume ± 400 KL / M Bio Pertamax : 3 stations Volume ± 55 KL / M
Bio Premium: 14 stations Vol : ± 9.500 KL / M Bio Pertamax : 46 stations Vol : ± 1.651 KL / M
PERTAMINA BIO PREMIUM
ROLL OUT PLAN PERTAMINA BIOFUEL November ‘08
December ‘08
2009
2010
LOCATION
LOCATION
LOCATION
LOCATION
EXISTING & WEST JAVA
+ EAST JAVA & BALI
• JAVA
INDONESIA
• SUMATRA • Part of KALIMANTAN &
SULAWESI Product:
Product:
• BIOSOLAR
• BIOSOLAR
• BIOPREMIUM
• BIOPREMIUM
• BIO PERTAMAX
• BIO PERTAMAX
FAME : ETHANOL :
18,981 KL 540 KL
FAME : ETHANOL :
Assumption: price of FAME ≤ MOPS Biofuel content: 5% BY : NPD
25,157 KL 560 KL
Product:
Product :
• BIOSOLAR
• BIOSOLAR
• BIOPREMIUM
• BIOPREMIUM
• BIO PERTAMAX
• BIO PERTAMAX
• BIO M. DIESEL
• BIO M. DIESEL
• BIO KEROSENE
• BIO KEROSENE
• BIO M. BAKAR
• BIO M. BAKAR
FAME : 1,025,117 KL ETHANOL : 805,479 KL
FAME : ETHANOL :
1,278,621 KL 1,123,608 KL
ROADMAP BIOSOLAR • In 2009 : Solar
November ‘08
BioSolar JAVA
Desember ‘08
2009
2010
-D. Plumpang
-ISG
- P. Jawa
- P. Jawa
-Inst. Tj. Priok
-D. Malang
-Part of Sumatra
- Sumatra
-D. Madiun
-Part of Kalimantan
- Kalimantan
LAUNCHING
-TT. Tj. Gerem
-D. Kediri
-D. Padalarang
-D. Sangaran
-D. Ujung Berung
-D. Tj. Wangi
-D. Tasikmalaya
-Sulawesi
Potential of Biofuel supply and demand Fuel Consumption average per year Subsidized
Indonesian gov. policy on biofuel. max 10% biofuel in fuel and
Non
Subsidized Premium/Gasoline KL
17.000.000 KL
Gas Oil KL
11.000.000 KL
Kerosene KL
250.000
2% biofuel in kerosene 9.900.000 KL
15.000.000
As the gov. regulation, it must be max 10% of biofuel injected in the common fuel except 2% for Kerosene
100.000
Biofuel demand per year (max 10% injection) except Kerosene (2%) Industry
Subsidized Ethanol (Gasohol E-10)
1.700.000 KL
25.000 KL
Fame (Biodiesel B-10)
1.100.000 KL
1.500.000 KL
198.000 KL
2.000 KL
Kerosene
THE AVAILABILITY OF BIOFUEL SUPPLY FAME ETHANOL
YEARS (CAPACITIES - KL) 2008
2009
1.588.300
2.521.000
144.500
212.500
Source: The Association of Indonesian Biofuel Producer (APROBI) BY : NPD
Biofuel potential for domestic demand
Market Development
BIOETHANOL PRODUCT CAPASITY & LOCATION
No
PERUSAHAAN
LOKASI
2008 CAPASITY (KL)
Domestic (KL)
CAPASITY (KL)
Domestic (KL)
2.500
2.500
2.500
1
Anugrah Kurnia Abadi PT./ BPPT Ethanol
Lampung
2.500
2
Medco Group
Lampung
60.000
3
Molindo Raya Industrial
Lawang & Lampung
12.000
4
Sugar Group
Lampung
70.000
TOTAL
BY : NPD
2009
144.500
60.000
12.000
50.000
50.000
100.000 14.500
212.500
52.500
BIODIESEL PRODUCT CAPASITY & LOCATION(Status Sept. 2008)
PERUSAHAAN
LOKASI
2008
2009
Capasity MT/y
Domestic MT/y
Kapasitas MT/y
Domestic MT/y
200.000
70.000
200.000
80.000
300
300
1.000
1.000
1
Asian Agri TbK
Lubuk Gaung,Dumai
2
Energi Alternatif Indonesia .
Jakarta
3
Eterindo Wahanatama Tbk
Gresik & Cikupa
120.000
120.000
240.000
240.000
4
Darmex Biofuel PT.
Bekasi
150.000
30.000
150.000
60.000
5
Ganesha Energy Group
Medan
3.000
3.000
10.000
10.000
6
Indo Biofuels Energy PT.
Merak
60.000
60.000
160.000
100.000
7
Multikimia Intipelangi PT.
Bekasi
5.000
5.000
10.000
10.000
8
Musim Mas Group
Medan
50.000
10.000
350.000
100.000
9
Permata Hijau Group
Duri
200.000
75.000
200.000
120.000
10
Sumi Asih PT.
Bekasi & Lampung
100.000
50.000
200.000
100.000
11
Wilmar Group
Dumai
700.000
300.000
1.000.000
300.000
1.588.300
723.300
2.521.000
1.121.000
TOTAL
BY : NPD
PRICE FAME,ETHANOL VS CRUDE OIL,GASOLINE 140
120
CPO
100
)
OLEIN
$
80
g (
FAME
MOPS HSD
MOPS GASOLINE
60 ETHANOL
40 CRUDE OIL
20
0
MEI
JUNI JULI AGUSSEPT OKTONOVEDESEJANUFEBR MAR APRI MEI 2006
2007
2008
61.4 70.7 78.4 84.7 82.8 87.2 86.6 87.8 86.6 93.8 97.6 111. 113. 101. 101. 102.
CPO OLEIN
JUNI JULI AGUSSEPT OKTONOVEDESEJANUFEBR MAR APRI MEI JUNI
46.75 45.5548.51 55.1252.15 50.9856.15 61.18 65.7064.38 65.4376.20 82.28 86.2083.30 89.1892.99 89.7393.23 81.59 105.7 118. 118.3105.0 110.0 105. 55.2 54.9 54.7 55.0 55.3 55.4 55.4 54.8 55.2 56.8 55.9 55.4 53.6 53.9 55.1 54.2 53.8 53.42 54.7 54.7354.57 54.09 53.9
ETHANOL FAME
52.57 52.0655.07 58.5757.16 54.7053.91 56.96 61.6360.40 60.8765.18 69.32 76.0777.59 75.1177.19 84.9883.53 82.91 85.79 91.2 104.395.28 99.88 99.2
MOPS HSD
52.94 54.0154.26 54.2747.70 44.7644.02 43.87 41.5644.41 46.2550.47 51.34 51.5153.93 52.2057.05 59.8067.93 67.21 66.48 69.9 79.3987.00 99.76 104.
CRUDE OIL
BY : NPD
January 2009 45.8Fame 39.3 35.1 35.1–Sept 37.8 33.2 36.2 ,38.6 42.7 47.4 45.4 (Jan 2008 avg) = 43.1 Rp 43.4 8500/ltr Fame ( Oct – Des 2008 avg) = waktu Rp 5000/ltr Ethanol avg = Rp 5500/ltr Solar = ± Rp 5.137 – 5800/ltr Gasoline = ± Rp 5400- Rp 5600/ltr
49.8252.70 44.3939.07 38.06 37.3340.69 46.7551.19 54.45 51.8852.22 47.0750.35 54.1459.97 60.10 61.63 64.4 67.6072.48 80.50 85.7
MOPS GASOLINE 44.0 42.6 45.2
47.8 51.9 57.9 57.5 57.92 59.7 64.8568.75 78.41 83.2
CPO Price
CHALLANGES IN BIOFUELS PROGRAM : 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GOVERNMENT POLICY
9 PRICE OF BIOFUELS FEED STOCKS 9 PRICE OF BIOFUEL PRODUCT VS FOSSIL FUEL 9 SECURITY OF SUPPLY OF FAME & ETHANOL 9 COMPETION FEEDSTOCKS FOR FOOD & FUELS 9 THE GEOGRAPHY OF INDONESIA 9 QUALITY OF FUELS ISSUES ( EURO 4,WWFC CAT 4)
Perusahaan Minyak & Gas Nasional
THANK YOU
Properties Produk Biodiesel Generasi Ke 2 yang dibandingkan Dengan Ultra Low Sulfur Petroleum Diesel dan FAME Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (Fossil)
BIODIESEL (FAME)
BIODIESEL GENERASI 2
0
11
0
SPECIFIC GRAVITY HEATING VALUE, MJ / kg
0.84
0.88
0.78
43
38
44
SULFUR, ppm
< 10
<1
<1
CLOUD POINT, oC
-5
- 5 to + 15
- 10 to + 20
DISTILLATION, oC
200 - 350
340 - 355
265 - 320
40
50 - 65
70 - 90
GOOD
MARGINAL
GOOD
% OXYGEN
CETANE STABILITY SUMBER : UOP
BY : NPD
SPESIFIKASI BIO SOLAR MENGACU SPESIFIKASI SOLAR 48 (Dirjen Migas No. 3675 K/24/DJM/2006) No. 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Karakteristik Bilangan Cetana : - Angka Cetana atau - Indeks Cetana Berat Jenis ( pada suhu 15 °C ) Viskositas ( pada suhu 40 °C ) Kandungan Sulfur Distilasi : T 95 Titik Nyala Titik Tuang Residu Karbon Kandungan Air Biological growth *) Kandungan FAME *) Kandungan Methanol dan Ethanol *) Korosi Bilah Tembaga Kandungan Abu Kandungan sedimen Bilangan Asam Kuat Bilangan Asam Total Partikulat Penampilan visual Warna
Satuan
Batasan Min.
Maks.
kg/m³ mm²/s % m/m
48 45 815 2.0 -
870 5.0 0.35 1)
°C °C °C % m/m mg/kg % v/v % v/v menit % m/m % m/m mg KOH/g mg KOH/g mg/l No.ASTM
60 -
370 18 0.1 500
Metode Uji ASTM D 613 - 95 D 4737 - 96a D 1298 atau D 4052 - 96 D 445 - 97 D 2622 - 98 D 86 - 99a D 93 - 99c D 97 D 4530 - 93 D 1744 - 92
nihil -
10
tak terdeteksi kelas 1 0.01 0.01 0 0.6 Jernih dan terang 3.0
D 4815 D 130 - 94 D 482 - 95 D 473 D 664 D 664 D 2276 - 99 D 1500
*) Khusus untuk Minyak Solar yang mengandung Bio Diesel, jenis dan spesifikasi Bio Diesel nya mengacu ketetapan Pemerintah. Catatan Umum : 1.Aditif haris kompatibel dengan minyak mesin (tidak menambah kekotoran mesin/kerak) Aditif yang mengandung komponen pembentuk abu (ash forming) tidak diperbolehkan. 1.Pemeliharaan secara baik untuk mengurangi kontaminasi (debu, air, bahan bakar lain, dll) 2.Pelabelan pada pompa harus memadai dan terdefinisi. Catatan Kaki : 1) Batasan 0,35% m/m setara dengan 3500 ppm. BY : NPD
SPESIFIKASI BIO SOLAR MENGACU SPESIFIKASI SOLAR 48 (Dirjen Migas No. 3675 K/24/DJM/2006) No. 1
Karakteristik
Satuan
Batasan Min. Maks.
Metode Uji ASTM
2
Bilangan Cetana : - Angka Cetana atau - Indeks Cetana Berat Jenis ( pada suhu 15 °C )
kg/m³
48 45 815
870
D 613 - 95 D 4737 - 96a D 1298 atau D 4052 - 96
3
Viskositas ( pada suhu 40 °C )
mm²/s
2.0
5.0
D 445 - 97
4 5
% m/m
-
0.35 1)
D 2622 - 98 D 86 - 99a
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Kandungan Sulfur Distilasi : T 95 Titik Nyala Titik Tuang Residu Karbon Kandungan Air Biological growth *) Kandungan FAME *) Kandungan Methanol dan Ethanol *)
°C °C °C % m/m mg/kg % v/v % v/v
60 -
370 18 0.1 500
13 14 15 16
Korosi Bilah Tembaga Kandungan Abu Kandungan sedimen Bilangan Asam Kuat
menit % m/m % m/m mg KOH/g
-
kelas 1 0.01 0.01 0
D 130 - 94 D 482 - 95 D 473 D 664
17
Bilangan Asam Total
mg KOH/g
-
0.6
D 664
D 93 - 99c D 97 D 4530 - 93 D 1744 - 92
nihil 10 tak terdeteksi
D 4815
18 yang Partikulat mg/l D 2276 - 99 *) Khusus untuk Minyak Solar mengandung Bio Diesel, jenis dan spesifikasi Bio - Diesel nya- mengacu ketetapan 19 Penampilan visual Jernih dan terang Pemerintah. Catatan Umum : 20 Warnamesin (tidak menambah kekotoran No.ASTM 3.0 D 1500 1.Aditif haris kompatibel dengan minyak mesin/kerak) Aditif yang mengandung komponen pembentuk abu (ash forming) tidak diperbolehkan. 1.Pemeliharaan secara baik untuk mengurangi kontaminasi (debu, air, bahan bakar lain, dll) 2.Pelabelan pada pompa harus memadai dan terdefinisi. Catatan Kaki : 1) Batasan 0,35% m/m setara dengan 3500 ppm. BY : NPD
Spesifikasi Standar Bioetanol Terdenaturasi untuk NoGasohol (SNI Sifat Unit, min/max Spesifikasi1) DT 27-0001-2006) 1
Kadar etanol
%-v, min
99,5 (sebelum denaturasi)2) 94,0 (setelah denaturasi)
2
Kadar metanol
mg/L, max
300
3
Kadar air
%-v, max
1
4
Kadar denaturan
%-v, min %-v, max
2 5
5
Kadar tembaga (Cu)
mg/kg, max
0,1
6
Keasaman sebagai CH3COOH
mg/L, max
30
7
Tampakan
8
Kadar ion klorida (Cl-)
mg/L, max
40
9
Kandungan belerang (S)
mg/L, max
50
10
Kadar getah (gum), dicuci
mg/100 ml, max
5,0
11
pHe
Jernih dan terang, tidak ada endapan dan kotoran
6,5 - 9,0
1) Jika tak diberikan catatan khusus, nilai batasan (spesifikasi) yang diterakan adalah nilai untuk bioetanol yang sudah didenaturasi. 2) FGE atau etanol kering biasanya memiliki berat jenis dalam rentang 0,7936 – 0,7961 (pada kondisi (15,56/15,56 oC), atau berat jenis dalam rentang 0,7871 – 0,7896 (pada kondisi 25/25 oC), diukur dengan cara piknometri atau hidrometri yang sudah sangat lazim diterapkan di dalam industri Alkohol. BY : NPD
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