DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .................................................................................................................... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................................... ii BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN TUGAS AKHIR ..................................................................... iii MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN................................................................................................ iv ABSTRAK.................................................................................................................................... vi KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................... ............. vii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................................ ix DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................................ xii DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Batasan Penelitian ........................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................................ ............. 5
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI 2.1 Uraian Umum Beton........................................................................................................ 6 2.1.1 Beton Mutu Tinggi ................................................................................................ 7 2.1.2 Beton Serat ............................................................................................................. 8 2.1.3 Engineered Cement Composite (ECC) .................................................................. 11 2.2 Material Penyusun Beton ECC....................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Semen Portland...................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Agregat......................................................................................................... .......... 15 2.2.3 Air................................................................................................................ .......... 17 2.2.4 Bahan Tambah Beton (Admixtures)............................................................. .......... 18 2.2.4.1 Abu Terbang (Fly Ash).................................................................... .......... 18 2.2.4.2 Superplasticizer ................................................................................ ......... 19 2.2.5 Serat Polypropylene (PP)............................................................................... ....... 20 2.2.6 Serat Rossela................................................................................................. ........ 24 ix
2.3 Perilaku Beton ................................................................................................................. 25 2.3.1 Perilaku Beton Segar .............................................................................................. 25 2.3.1.1 Faktor Air Semen (Water Cement Rations w/c)......................................... 25 2.3.1.2 Sifat Mudah Dikerjakan (Workability).............................................. ........ 28 2.3.1.3 Berat Isi.......................................................................................... ........... 29 2.3.2 Perilaku mekanik Beton ......................................................................................... 29 2.3.2.1 Kuat Tekan................................................. ............................................... 29 2.3.2.2 Kuat Tarik Belah.................................................................................... .. 31 2.3.2.3 Kuat Lentur................................................................................... ............ 31 2.4 Interaksi antara Serat dengan Pasta Semen.......................................................... ........... 31 2.5 Penelitian Terdahulu........................................................................................................ 33
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Variabel Penelitian .......................................................................................................... 36 3.2 Proporsi Campuran Beton ECC ( Mix Design) ............................................................... 37 3.3 Tempat Penelitian ............................................................................................................ 38 3.4 Bahan Penelitian .............................................................................................................. 38 3.5 Sistematika Penelitian ..................................................................................................... 39 3.6 Pemeriksaan Material yang Digunakan ........................................................................... 40 3.6.1 Pemeriksaan Kadar Lumpur .................................................................................. 40 3.6.2 Pemeriksaan Kadar Air ......................................................................................... 41 3.7 Pembuatan dan Perawatan Benda Uji.............................................................................. 41 3.8 Pengujian Pada Sifat Mekanik Beton ECC ..................................................................... 43 3.8.1 Pengujian Kuat Tekan ........................................................................................... 43 3.8.2 Pengujian Tarik Belah Benda Uji .......................................................................... 44 3.8.3 Pengujian Kuat Lentur Benda Uji ......................................................................... 45 3.9 Tahap Analisis dan Pengolahan Data ............................................................................. 46
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Pendahuluan .................................................................................................................... 48 4.2 Sifat Fisis Bahan .............................................................................................................. 48 4.3 Rencana Campuran Beton ............................................................................................... 50 4.4 Kemudahan Pengerjaan/Workability ............................................................................... 50 x
4.5 Berat Volume Beton ........................................................................................................ 52 4.6 Kuat Tekan Beton ............................................................................................................ 53 4.6.1 Pola Retakan Uji Kuat Tekan Beton ECC............................................................. 55 4.7 Kuat Tarik Belah Beton ................................................................................................... 56 4.7.1 Pola Retakan Uji Tarik Belah Beton ECC ............................................................ 57 4.8 Kuat Lentur Beton ........................................................................................................... 58 4.8.1 Pola Retakan Uji Lentur Beton ECC ..................................................................... 59
BAB V PENUTUP 5.1 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................................... 60 5.2 Saran ................................................................................................................................ 62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................. xiv LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................................................ xv
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Material Penyusun Beton ...................................................................................... 6 Tabel 2.2 Unsur Bahan Mentah Semen ................................................................................. 15 Tabel 2.3 Unsur Kimia Pasir Kuarsa ..................................................................................... 16 Tabel 2.4 Karakteristik Serat Polypropylene......................................................................... 22 Tabel 2.5 Komposisi Unsur Kimia Serat Alam .................................................................... 24 Tabel 2.6 Sifat Mekanis Beberapa Serat Alam ..................................................................... 25 Tabel 2.7 Faktor Air Semen Untuk Setiap Kondisi Lingkungan .......................................... 26 Tabel 3.1 Kuat Tekan Relatif dari Berbagai Benda Uji Silinder .......................................... 36 Tabel 3.2 Faktor Kuat Tekan Benda Uji Silinder untuk Berbagai Perbandingan Tinggi Terhadap Diameter Silinder .................................................................................. 37 Tabel 3.3 Jumlah Variasi Benda Uji ..................................................................................... 37 Tabel 3.4 Proporsi Campuran Beton ECC ............................................................................ 38 Tabel 4.1 Uji Material Penyusun Beton ECC ....................................................................... 48 Tabel 4.2 Jumlah Benda Uji .................................................................................................. 49 Tabel 4.3 Nilai Slump Rata – rata Benda Uji ........................................................................ 50 Tabel 4.4 Berat Volume Rata – rata Beton ECC Umur 28 Hari ........................................... 52 Tabel 4.5 Kuat Tekan Rata – rata ......................................................................................... 54 Tabel 4.6 Kuat Tarik Belah Rata – rata Beton ...................................................................... 56 Tabel 4.7 Kuat Lentur Rata – rata Beton .............................................................................. 58 Tabel 5.1 Perbandingan Harga Material Beton Normal dengan Beton ECC........................ 61
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Pengujian Plat Beton ECC................................................................................. 2 Gambar 1.2 Serat Polypropylene........................................................................................... 3 Gambar 1.3 Karung Goni untuk Perawatan Beton ................................................................ 3 Gambar 2.1 Detail Retak Beton Serat ................................................................................... 10 Gambar 2.2 Perbaikan yang diperoleh dengan Menambahkan Serat Pada Beton ................ 10 Gambar 2.3 Jembatan Michigan yang Menggunakan Material ECC .................................... 12 Gambar 2.4 Reaksi Polymer Polypropylene ......................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.5 Deformasi Serat pada Matriks ........................................................................... 32 Gambar 2.6 Interaksi Antara Serat dan Matriks Pada Matriks yang Retak........................... 33 Gambar 2.7 Diagram Regangan ECC ................................................................................... 34 Gambar 3.1 Pemeriksaan Kadar Lumpur .............................................................................. 40 Gambar 3.2 Pemeriksaan Kadar Air ...................................................................................... 41 Gambar 3.3 Uji Kuat Tekan .................................................................................................. 43 Gambar 3.4 Uji Kuat Tarik Belah ......................................................................................... 44 Gambar 3.5 Uji Kuat Lentur ................................................................................................... 45 Gambar 3.6 Diagram Alur Penelitian ..................................................................................... 46 Gambar 4.1 Grafik Gradasi Agregat Halus (Pasir Kuarsa) ................................................... 48 Gambar 4.2 Diagram Slump Flow ECC ................................................................................ 50 Gambar 4.3 Uji Slump Flow pada Beton ECC serat Rossela ................................................ 52 Gambar 4.4 Diagram Berat Beton ECC dengan Beton Normal ............................................ 53 Gambar 4.5 Grafik Peningkatan Kuat Tekan Beton ECC ..................................................... 54 Gambar 4.6 Retakan pada Uji Kuat Tekan Beton ECC Serat Polypropylene ....................... 55 Gambar 4.7 Retakan pada Uji Kuat Tekan Beton ECC Serat Rossela.................................. 55 Gambar 4.8 Grafik Kuat Tarik Belah Rata – rata Beton ECC .............................................. 56 Gambar 4.9 Pola Retakan Uji Kuat Tarik Belah Beton ECC Serat Polypropylene .............. 57 Gambar 4.10 Pola Retakan Uji Kuat Tarik Belah Beton ECC Serat Rossela ....................... 57 Gambar 4.11 Grafik Kuat Lentur Rata – rata ........................................................................ 58 Gambar 4.12 Pola Retakan Uji Kuat Lentur Beton ECC Serat Polypropylene .................... 59 Gambar 4.13 Pola Retakan Uji Kuat Lentur Beton ECC Serat Rossela ............................... 59 Gambar 5.1 Diagram Perbandingan Harga Beton Normal dengan Beton ECC ................... 61 xiii
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